Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Foreign agricultural pests can become problematic to the environment, economy, animal, plant, and human health if widely transported on contaminated equipment or vehicles. Two equipment decontamination studies were conducted using a mobile power washer and disinfectant treatments. The first study factors were: steel and fabric surfaces, power washing conditions, disinfectants, and disinfectant adjuvants. The second study factors were: relative humidity conditions, disinfectant type, disinfectant additive, and number of repeat disinfectant applications. Efficacy for the power washing and disinfectant treatments was based on log10 reduction of Bacillus subtilis spores attached to the two surface types. Power washing increased log10 reduction of spores by 3 to 4 log, when washing was followed by disinfectant treatments. The optimal decontamination treatment in the first study was power washing for 30 seconds at a distance of 10 cm, using a commercial chlorine dioxide formulation (Electro-Biocide) with Reign (1%) that resulted in a 4.7 log10 reduction of B. subtilis spores on steel washers. In the second study the optimal treatment was power washing for 10 seconds at a nozzle distance of 20 cm with a commercial disinfectant (Easy Decon DF-200) mixed with 20% glycerol resulting in a 5.1 log10 reduction of B. subtilis spores on wool fabric samples.References
Beck GK, Zimmerman JD, Schardt J, Stone RR, Lukens S, Richard J et al. Invasive Species Defined in a Policy Context: Recommendations from the Federal Invasive Species Advisory Committee. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 2006; 1(4): 414-421. https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-08-089.1
OSHA: United States Department of Labor. Hazardous Waste: Decontamination.https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardouswast e/training/decon.html
Block SS. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation. 5th Addition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Philadelphia PA. 2000.
Alphin RL, Ciaverelli CD, Hougentogler DP, Johnson KJ, Rankin MK, Benson E. Postoutbreak disinfection of mobile equipment. Avian Dis 2010; 54(1): 772-776. https://doi.org/10.1637/8763-033109-ResNote.1
Guan J, Chan M, Brooks BW, Rohonczy E, Miller LP. Vehicle and Equipment Decontamination during Outbreaks of Notifiable Animal Diseases in Cold Weather. J ABSA Int 2017; 22(3): 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535676017719846
Kirk E. "Bacillus subtilis." Missouri S&T Microbiology. Web 2009.
Utkhede RS, Smith EM. Promotion of apple tree growth and fruit production by the EBW-4 strain Bacillus subtilis in apple replant disease soil. Can. J Microbiol 1992; 38:1270-1273. https://doi.org/10.1139/m92-209
Asaka O, Shoda M. Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani damping off of Tomato with Bacillus subtilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4081-4085.
Emmert EB, Handelsman J. Biocontrol of plant disease: A Gram Positive Persepctive. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 171: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13405.x
JMP. Assess Variable Importance. Statistical Discovery from SAS. https://www.jmp.com/support/help/14/assess-variableimportance. shtml. (2018)
Steinberg B. What is the Variable Importance Measure? Dan Steinberg's Blog for Salford Systems. https://www.salfordsystems. com/blog/dan-steinberg/what-is-the-variableimportance- measure. (2018)
Maillard JY. Innate resistance to sporicides and potential failure to decontaminate. J Hosp Inf 2011; 77:204-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2010.06.028
James CN, Copeland RC, Lytle DA. Relationships between Oxidation-Reduction Potential, Oxidant, and pH in Drinking Water. American Water Works Association. (2004)
Ramirez A. Animal Health: Four steps to effective cleaning and disinfecting. National Hog Farmer. http://www.nationalhogfarmer.com/health-diseases/1015- effective-cleaning-disinfecting-steps. (2009)
Gupta A. How Relative Humidity Affects Evaporation. Environmental Science: Weather and Climate Change. Bright Hub. http://www.brighthub.com/environment/scienceenvironmental/ articles/104601.aspx. (2011)
Hovis J. Sustainability: What Causes Humidity? Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/ article/whatcauses- humidity/. (2017)
All the published articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.