Energy and other Key Performance Indicators for Buildings– Examples for Hellenic Buildings
PDF

Keywords

Buildings
performance indicators
KPI
energy consumption
energy use intensity
EUI
energy performance certificates
EPC.

How to Cite

1.
C.A. Balaras, E.G. Dascalaki, K.G. Droutsa, S. Kontoyiannidis, R. Guruz, G. Gudnason. Energy and other Key Performance Indicators for Buildings– Examples for Hellenic Buildings. Glob. J. Energ. Technol. Res. Updat. [Internet]. 2015 Jan. 8 [cited 2024 Dec. 4];1(2):71-89. Available from: https://avantipublisher.com/index.php/gjetru/article/view/151

Abstract

Buildings are the leading energy consuming sector, representing about 40% of the final energy consumption in Europe. Different key performance indicators are available that can support the diverse needs and priorities of stakeholders in their efforts to improve the overall energy performance of buildings. The work first reviews the energy use and characteristics of European buildings, the main European legislation and technical developments that drive the efforts for lowering energy consumption. The main indicators that are used during the design, construction and operation of buildings are elaborated and when possible quantified, along with pertinent standards and regulations for guidance. Using common energy related indicators, a case study then focuses on Hellenic buildings and provides an insight on their performance, exploiting data from energy performance certificates. The contents document relevant work in information and communications technology for delivering simulation, modelling, analysis, monitoring and visualization tools, along with ongoing efforts to exploit building typologies for realistic assessment of energy use, during the design and operation of buildings. Future priorities are also outlined that support the ongoing European efforts to refurbish the existing building stock and the decision making process for setting effective policies towards nearly zero energy buildings.
https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5818.2014.01.02.2
PDF

References

Eurostat Pocketbooks. Energy. Transport and Environment Indicators – 2014 Edition. Brussels: European Union. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/doc/2013_pocketboo k.pdf

Europe 2020 - Integrated guidelines for the economic and employment policies of the Member States. Brussels: European Union. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/index_en.htm

Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast), Brussels. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.h tm

Dascalaki EG, Kontoyiannidis S, Balaras CA, Droutsa KG. Energy certification of Hellenic buildings: First findings. Energy and Buildings 2013; 65: 429-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.06.025

Arcipowska A, Anagnostopoulos F, Mariottini F, Kunkel S. Energy performance certificates across the EU, Brussels: Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE), October 2014. Available from: http://bpie.eu/epc_2014.html

Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast), Brussels. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainablebusiness/ ecodesign

Dascalaki E, Droutsa P, Gaglia A, Kontoyiannidis S, Balaras CA. Data collection and analysis of the building stock and its energy performance – An example for Hellenic buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2010; 42(8): 1231-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.02.014

Loga T, Diefenbach N (eds.). DATAMINE - Collecting data from energy certification to monitor performance indicators for new and existing buildings, Final report, January 2009. Available from: http://www.meteo.noa.gr/datamine/DATAMINE_Final_Report .pdf

A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings. Brussels: Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE), October 2011. Available from: www.bpie.eu/eu_buildings_under_microscope.html

Wilford C, Ramos M. Zero carbon compendium - Who's doing what in housing worldwide, Amersham: NHBC Foundation, Milton Keynes: Zero Carbon Hub, London: PRP Architects, 2010. Available from: http://www.zerocarbonhub.org/resources/reports/zerocarbon- compendium-whos-doing-what-housing-worldwide

ESTIF - Solar thermal markets in Europe - Trends and market statistics 2013. Brussels: European Solar Thermal Industry Federation, June 2014. Available from: http://www.estif.org/statistics/st_markets_in_europe_2013/

IEA Task 26. Solar combisystems. International Energy Agency. Available from: http://archive.iea-shc.org/task26/

Balaras CA, Grossman G, Henning H-M, Ferreira CAI, Podesser E, Wang L. et al. Solar air conditioning in Europe – An overview. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2007; 11(2): 299-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.02.003

Klein SA, Reindl DT. Solar refrigeration. ASHRAE J. 2005; 47(9): S26-S30. http://www.sustainabilityconsortium.org/wpcontent/ themes/sustainability/assets/media/Solar_Refrigerati on.pdf

ICT for a low carbon economy – eeBuilding key performance indicators. Brussels: European Commission, January 2014. Available from: http://sustainable-places.eu/wpcontent/ uploads/2014/02/1stW-eeb_kpis_booklet.pdf

Balaras CA, Dascalaki E, Guruz R, Katranuschkov P. D9+ Energy-related key performance indicators within ISES, Final Technical Report D9+ (Additional Deliverable) for ISES, European Commission, DG Information Society and Media, FP7, August 2013. Available from: http://ises.eu-project.info/documents/ISES-D9+.pdf

Gudnason G, Katranuschkov P, Balaras CA, Scherer RJ. Framework for sharing and re-use of domain data in whole building energy simulation. Proceedings to the ECPPM 2014 eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction 10th European Conference on Product & Process Modelling. Vienna, Austria, 2014.

Diefenbach N, Loga T, Stein B (eds.). Building stock energy performance indicators - First version. March 2014. Available from: http://episcope.eu/fileadmin/episcope/public/docs/reports/EPI SCOPE_Indicators_FirstConcept.pdf

EN 7730:2005. Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

EN 15217:2007. Energy performance of buildings - Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

ASHRAE Standard 62.1:2013 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

EN 15251:2007. Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

EN 15193:2007. Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

Robertson K. Daylighting guide for buildings. Ontario: Canadian Mortgage & Housing Corporation 2005. Available from: http://www.cmhcschl. gc.ca/en/inpr/bude/himu/coedar/upload/Daylighting- Guide-for-Buildings.pdf

EN 15603:2008 Energy performance of buildings. Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

prEN 15603:2013 Energy performance of buildings ― Overarching standard EPBD. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

ASHRAE Standard 105-2014, Standard methods of determining, expressing, and comparing building energy performance and greenhouse gas emissions. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

Häkkinen T (ed.). Sustainability and performance assessment and benchmarking of buildings. SuPerBuildings Final report, Espoo: VTT 2012. Available from: http://cic.vtt.fi/superbuildings/

Balaras CA, Gaglia AG, Georgopoulou E, Mirasgedis S, Sarafidis Y, Lalas DP. European residential buildings and empirical assessment of the Hellenic building stock, energy consumption, emissions & potential energy savings. Build Environ. 2007; 42: 1298-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2006.10.008

Erhorn-Kluttig H, Kaan H, Borsboom W, Fuhler T, Koch A, Nyffenegger U. Market trends towards nearly-zero energy buildings. BUILD UP web portal of the European Commission. www.buildup.eu

Low energy buildings in Europe: Current state of play, definitions and best practice. Commission's Info-Note on Low Energy Buildings, Brussels: European Commission. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/doc/buildings/info_note. pdf

ASHRAE Standard 90.1: 2013 Energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

Parker DS. Very low energy homes in the United States: Perspectives on performance from measured data. Energy and Buildings. 2009; 41 (5): 512-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.11.017

NZEB definitions in Europe, The BPIE data hub for the energy performance of buildings. Brussels: Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE), March 2014. Available from: http://www.buildingsdata.eu/nzeb-definitions-europe

Harris D, Higgins C. Key performance indicators – Field metering study and energy performance feedback. California Energy Commission, PIER Energy‐Related Environmental Research Program 2012. Available from: http://newbuildings.org/sites/default/files/KPIFinalReportJuly2 012.pdf

Key performance indicators for commercial buildings. Vancouver: New Buildings Institute. Available from: http://newbuildings.org/kpi

Rajagopalan P, Leung Tony CY. Progress on building energy labelling techniques. Advances in Building Energy Research. 2012; 6(1): 61-80. http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30047770

Reed R, Bilos A, Schulte K, Wilkinson S. A comparison of international sustainable building tool- An update. Proceedings to the 17th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference, Gold Coast 2011. Available from: http://www.prres.net/Proceedings/..%5CPapers%5CReed_Int ernational_Rating_Tools.pdf

Perez-Lombard L, Ortiz J, Gonzalez R, Maestre IR. A review of benchmarking, rating and labelling concepts within the framework of building energy certification schemes. Energy and Buildings. 2009; 41: 272–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.10.004

Survey on Energy Consumption in Households 2011-2012. Athens: Hellenic Statistical Authority, October 2013. Available from: http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A0 805/PressReleases/A0805_SFA40_DT_5Y_00_2012_01_F_ EN.pdf

Gaglia AG, Balaras CA, Mirasgedis S, Georgopoulou E, Sarafidis Y, Lalas DP. Empirical assessment of the Hellenic non-residential building stock, energy consumption, emissions and potential energy savings. Energy Convers Manag. 2007; 48 (4): 1160-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2006.10.008

Atanasiu B, Kontonasiou E, Mariottini F. Alleviating fuel poverty in the EU - Investing in home renovation, A sustainable and inclusive solution. Brussels: Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE), May 2014. Available from: http://www.bpie.eu/fuel_poverty.html

Statistics on income and living conditions 2013. Athens: Hellenic Statistical Authority, October 2014. Available from: http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A0 802/PressReleases/A0802_SFA10_DT_AN_00_2013_08_F_ EN.pdf

Dascalaki EG, Balaras CA, Gaglia AG, Droutsa KG, Kontoyiannidis S. Energy performance of buildings - EPBD in Greece. Energy Policy 2012; 45: 469-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.058

Droutsa KG, Kontoyiannidis S, Dascalaki EG, Balaras CA. Mapping the energy performance of Hellenic buildings through the energy certificates. Proceedings to the 10th National Conference on Soft Energy Sources. Thessaloniki, Greece 2014. (In Greek)

Sunikka-Blank M, Galvin R. Introducing the prebound effect: the gap between performance and actual energy consumption. Building Research & Information 2012; 40(3): 260-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2012.690952

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2014 Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates